LoRa based Fog Computing in Smart City

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The Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) have been gaining momentum to compete with existing wireless communication technologies. The most prevailing LPWAN technology LoRa is widely applied in the internet of things application (IoT). The LoRa with a wide range of communication is a prominent approach in smart city transportation system. The smart transportation plays a vital role in a smart city approach, where continues flow of data guides the vehicle users to reach high nought of satisfaction in the smart city environment. The smart city is enhanced by smart vehicles like Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEVs) as well as smart entities like smart homes, smart restaurants, smart parking lots and smart charging/discharging (C/D) stations. The PHEV having LoRa On-board Unit (LOBU) broadcasts the status of the vehicle and the user required services where the user gets the information from the nearest LoRa control system. For example, if the PHEV user wants to reach a restaurant with the nearest C/D service provider (CSP), the optimal and convenient destination can be provided to each individual PHEV user in a smart city. The flow of data from the various entities in the smart city is very high; a standalone computing environment ill-perform to compute the user request. Thus a computing environment is needed to process the requests from multiple smart entities with low latency and high accuracy. The fog computing system performs consistently in a smart city as it can be distributed for each specific zone.

The fog computing system provides computing services are within the requested zone. The fog computing enables the users in the smart city to access the information form the fog control centres in the network edge. The fog computing relies on wireless communication technology for communication (Wi-Fi/LoRa/RSU/4G/5G). The fog control centres are geographically distributed near to the end users compared to the centralized cloud computing, it gives better results, with faster analysis. The fog computing will be a good approach for smart devices communications in a smart city. There are much applications of fog computing to fulfil the smart city requirements such as smart transportation, smart Logistics, Traffic congestion issues etc. The communication and computation layered model of fog computing can be illustrated as in the figure below. The four-layered fog computing architecture with supermarket application is illustrated below.

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