Gone Neelakantam

The Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) have been gaining momentum to compete with existing wireless communication technologies. The most prevailing LPWAN technology LoRa is widely applied in the internet of things application (IoT). The LoRa with a wide range of communication is a prominent approach in smart city transportation system. The smart transportation plays a vital role in a smart city approach, where continues flow of data guides the vehicle users to reach high nought of satisfaction in the smart city environment. The smart city is enhanced by smart vehicles like Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEVs) as well as smart entities like smart homes, smart restaurants, smart parking lots and smart charging/discharging (C/D) stations. The PHEV having LoRa On-board Unit (LOBU) broadcasts the status of the vehicle and the user required services where the user gets the information from the nearest LoRa control system. For example, if the PHEV user wants to reach a restaurant with...

Licensed-Assisted Access: LAA is intended to allow Wi-Fi and LTE-U to coexist through Clear Channel assessment (CCA)/ Listen Before talk (LBT) and Opportunistic use of spectrum which increases capacity. LAA is a part of 3GPP Release 13, it has been deployed in European countries and Asia. LAA supports Gigabit class LTE i.e. 5Gbps in near future. LAA Combines LTE in unlicensed 5GHz downlink with licensed LTE by Carrier Aggregation (CA) and aim for new small cell deployments. AT&T reported as saying LAA is better option than LTE-U as it has less cost of spectrum, uses the mechanism like LBT as seen it is a good technique to reduce interference and certified by 3GPP.(Ref: CIBET LTE-Unlicensed Josh Forgie CTS)    Fig1: Qualcomm                                                                   ...

Why NS-3: • NS-3 is an open source version • We can redesign the protocols, implement and test protocols. – “NS-3 is a discrete-event network simulator for internet systems, targeted primarily for research and educational use”. • Prerequisites – Linux basics – Basics of programming ( C ++ ) – Networking basics Installation of NS3 can be found in the following ppt: Study on LAA wifi indoor example screenshots is provided in the ppt. https://www.dropbox.com/s/g4t7h14qyyokazf/NS-3%20simulations.pptx?dl=0

Fog and Cloud What is fog and cloud computing? Fog: The fog computing is an extension of cloud computing services to the edge of the network. Fog is a virtualized environment to provide computation, storage and networking services connecting the IoT devices and core cloud. Cloud: The Cloud computing provides centralized computing, storage and processing environment for various applications with ubiquitous, on-demand network access. Cloud enables data processing of an application in the core cloud, which benefits the application designer to utilize non application oriented accepts (consistency, availability and storage of data). How Fog and cloud are different? The processing and analysis in cloud computing requires all application data to be transmitted to cloud that needs a large bandwidth and heavy energy consumption. Although, providing the required resources latency in decision making is inevitable. The Fog computing extends the cloud computing services in...